Red Alder
Alnus rubra
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Description
Red Alder is a deciduous tree native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, thriving in moist environments. It is a fast-growing pioneer species crucial for ecological succession, often colonizing disturbed areas and enhancing soil fertility through its nitrogen-fixing abilities. In regenerative agriculture, Red Alder is valued for its role in improving soil structure and fertility, making it an excellent companion in mixed-species plantings. It contributes significantly to the organic matter in the soil, supporting a diverse soil microbiome. Historically, indigenous peoples have utilized Red Alder for its medicinal properties and as a source of dye. In agroecological systems, it serves as a mid-canopy layer in food forests, providing shade and wind protection for more sensitive crops. It pairs well with understory plants like elderberry and salal, which benefit from its nitrogen-fixing properties.
Growing Details
Red Alder thrives in moist, well-drained soils and full sun. It is adaptable to a range of soil types, including poor soils, due to its nitrogen-fixing ability. For optimal growth, prepare the soil by incorporating organic matter and ensuring good drainage. Mulching around the base helps retain moisture and suppress weeds. Companion plants include elderberry and salal, which benefit from the nitrogen-rich environment. Avoid planting in overly dry or compacted soils. Harvesting of bark should be
Tags
Nitrogen Fixing
Keystone Specie
Carbon Farming
Attracts Wildlife
Fire Wood
Building Wood
Windbreak
Erosion Preventing
Visual Appeal
Easy Propagating
Colouring
Tea
Range (Based on GBIF Data)
The map shows known occurrence points of <strong>Alnus rubra</strong> recorded in scientific biodiversity databases.
Source: <a href="https://www.gbif.org" target="_blank">GBIF.org</a> โ Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Location & Timing
native geo location: Pacific Northwest of North America
applicable geo region: North America
language used: en
Flowering:
beginning
of March for 30 days
Harvest:
middle
of August for 60 days
Seed Start:
?
Indoor Start:
Transplant:
Uses & Benefits
Edible Rating:
(1/5)
edible uses: The inner bark of Red Alder can be dried and ground into a powder to be used as a flour substitute in times of need. It should be used sparingly due to its astringent properties.
Medicinal Rating:
(3/5)
medicinal uses: Red Alder has been traditionally used by indigenous peoples for its anti-inflammatory and astringent properties. The bark can be used to make a tea that is believed to help with colds, fevers, and digestive issues. It is important to use the bark in moderation and consult with a healthcare provider before use.
health concerns: The inner bark should be used sparingly due to its astringent properties, and excessive consumption can lead to digestive discomfort.
other uses: Red Alder wood is used for furniture, cabinetry, and as a source of charcoal. The bark can be used to produce a red dye, historically used by indigenous peoples.
Scientific Literature
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Botanical data
specie: Alnus rubra
common names: Red Alder; Oregon Alder; Western Alder
family: Betulaceae
sub family:
tribe:
sub tribe:
genus: Alnus
Growing Conditions
area needed: 10.0 m
spacing: 5.0 m
growing difficulty: Low
Deciduous / Evergreen: Evergreen
Seed Temp (Opt/Min/Max): 15ยฐC / 10ยฐC / 20ยฐC
Plant Temp (Opt/Min/Max): 15ยฐC / 5ยฐC / 25ยฐC
water demands: Medium
humidity:
light demands: High
root type: Medium
frost tender: Low
hardness:
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(7/10)
first harvest: 5 years
life span: 60 years
succession: Pioneer
growth rate: Fast
max height: 25.0 m
max width: 10.0 m
soil preference:
Medium (Loam)
pH preference:
Neutral
flower type:
Monoecious
growth details: Red Alder thrives in moist, well-drained soils and full sun. It is adaptable to a range of soil types, including poor soils, due to its nitrogen-fixing ability. For optimal growth, prepare the soil by incorporating organic matter and ensuring good drainage. Mulching around the base helps retain moisture and suppress weeds. Companion plants include elderberry and salal, which benefit from the nitrogen-rich environment. Avoid planting in overly dry or compacted soils. Harvesting of bark should be
Potential Disturbances: Red Alder is generally resistant to most pests but can occasionally be affected by fungal diseases such as leaf spot and canker. Natural pest management includes promoting beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings, which help control aphid populations. Companion planting with garlic or chives can help repel fungal pathogens. Regular monitoring and maintaining tree health through proper pruning and sanitation can prevent disease spread.
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