Wintergreen
Gaultheria procumbens
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Description
Wintergreen is a low-growing evergreen shrub native to northeastern North America, thriving in acidic, well-drained soils typical of woodland and forest environments. It serves as an excellent ground cover in shaded areas, preventing soil erosion and maintaining moisture. In agroecology and regenerative agriculture, Wintergreen is valued for its role in the understory layer of food forests, contributing to biodiversity and providing habitat for wildlife. Its glossy, dark green leaves and bright red berries, which persist through winter, offer aesthetic appeal and food for birds. Historically, Native American tribes used Wintergreen for its medicinal properties, particularly for pain relief. It pairs well with other acid-loving plants like blueberries and rhododendrons, forming a beneficial guild.
Growing Details
Wintergreen thrives in acidic, well-drained soils and prefers partial to full shade. Before planting, enrich the soil with organic matter such as leaf mold or pine needles to maintain acidity. Mulching with pine bark or needles helps retain moisture and suppress weeds. Companion plants include blueberries and rhododendrons, which share similar soil preferences. Avoid overwatering, as Wintergreen is susceptible to root rot in poorly drained soils. Harvest berries in late fall when they are fully
Edible Parts
Leaves
Fruit
Tags
Attracts Wildlife
Scented Plant
Erosion Preventing
Bee Friendly
Visual Appeal
Easy Propagating
Winter Edible
Oil
Tea
Range (Based on GBIF Data)
The map shows known occurrence points of <strong>Gaultheria procumbens</strong> recorded in scientific biodiversity databases.
Source: <a href="https://www.gbif.org" target="_blank">GBIF.org</a> โ Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Location & Timing
native geo location: Northeastern North America
applicable geo region: Temperate forests
language used: en
Flowering:
middle
of Jun for 30 days
Harvest:
middle
of September for 90 days
Seed Start:
?
Indoor Start:
Transplant:
Uses & Benefits
Edible Rating:
(3/5)
edible uses: The berries of Wintergreen are edible and have a mild, minty flavor. They can be eaten raw or used in jams, jellies, and desserts. The leaves can be used to make a tea with a wintergreen flavor, traditionally consumed for its soothing properties.
Medicinal Rating:
(4/5)
medicinal uses: Wintergreen leaves contain methyl salicylate, known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Traditionally, it has been used in topical applications for muscle and joint pain relief. The tea made from the leaves can help alleviate headaches and colds. However, due to the potency of methyl salicylate, it should be used in moderation.
health concerns: Consuming large amounts of Wintergreen leaves or oil can be toxic due to the presence of methyl salicylate. It should be used in moderation and with caution, especially in children and pregnant women.
other uses: Wintergreen oil is used in flavorings and fragrances. The plant is also effective as a natural ground cover in shaded garden areas, contributing to soil health and biodiversity.
Scientific Literature
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Botanical data
specie: Gaultheria procumbens
common names: Eastern Teaberry; Checkerberry; Boxberry
family: Ericaceae
sub family:
tribe:
sub tribe:
genus: Gaultheria
Growing Conditions
area needed: 0.1 m
spacing: 0.3 m
growing difficulty: Low
Deciduous / Evergreen:
Seed Temp (Opt/Min/Max): 20ยฐC / 15ยฐC / 25ยฐC
Plant Temp (Opt/Min/Max): 18ยฐC / -30ยฐC / 30ยฐC
water demands: Medium
humidity:
light demands: Medium
root type: Shallow
frost tender: Low
hardness:
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(3/10)
first harvest: 3 years
life span: 20 years
succession: Mid
growth rate: Slow
max height: 0.15 m
max width: 0.3 m
soil preference:
Medium (Loam)
pH preference:
Acid
flower type:
Hermaphrodite
growth details: Wintergreen thrives in acidic, well-drained soils and prefers partial to full shade. Before planting, enrich the soil with organic matter such as leaf mold or pine needles to maintain acidity. Mulching with pine bark or needles helps retain moisture and suppress weeds. Companion plants include blueberries and rhododendrons, which share similar soil preferences. Avoid overwatering, as Wintergreen is susceptible to root rot in poorly drained soils. Harvest berries in late fall when they are fully
Potential Disturbances: Wintergreen is generally pest-free but can suffer from root rot in poorly drained soils. To prevent this, ensure proper drainage and avoid waterlogging. Encourage beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings to keep potential pests in check. Planting garlic or chives nearby can help repel pests naturally.
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