Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna
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Description
Crataegus monogyna, commonly known as Hawthorn, is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. It has been a part of the landscape for centuries, thriving in hedgerows, woodlands, and scrublands. Its gnarled branches and thorny stems give it a rugged appearance, while its delicate white flowers, which bloom in May, add a touch of elegance. The plant's small, red fruits, known as haws, ripen in the autumn and provide a vital food source for birds and mammals. In regenerative agriculture, Hawthorn plays a crucial role in supporting biodiversity. Its dense foliage offers shelter to various wildlife, and its flowers attract pollinators, enhancing the ecosystem's health. The plant's deep root system helps stabilize soil, preventing erosion and improving soil structure. Historically, Hawthorn has been revered in folklore and traditional medicine. It was believed to ward off evil spirits and was often used in May Day celebrations. Its wood, known for its hardness, was used in crafting tools and weapons. In modern permaculture, Hawthorn is valued for its ability to create natural windbreaks and its potential to sequester carbon, contributing to climate change mitigation. The plant's resilience and adaptability make it a valuable ally in sustainable agriculture, helping to heal our relationship with nature.
Growing Details
Crataegus monogyna thrives in well-drained soils and can tolerate a range of soil types, including clay and sandy soils. It prefers full sun to partial shade and is hardy in a variety of climates. Propagation is typically done through seeds, which require stratification to germinate. Cuttings can also be used, though they may take longer to establish. Regular watering is essential during the first year of growth, but once established, the plant is drought-tolerant. Pruning should be done in late winter to maintain shape and encourage healthy growth. In permaculture systems, hawthorn can be planted alongside nitrogen-fixing plants to enhance soil fertility. Organic mulching and composting are recommended to support its growth.
Edible Parts
Leaves
Fruit
Tags
Carbon Farming
Attracts Wildlife
Bee Friendly
Visual Appeal
Easy Propagating
Range (Based on GBIF Data)
The map shows known occurrence points of <strong>Crataegus monogyna</strong> recorded in scientific biodiversity databases.
Source: <a href="https://www.gbif.org" target="_blank">GBIF.org</a> — Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Location & Timing
native geo location: Europe, N. Africa
applicable geo region: Temperate zones
language used: english
Flowering:
middle
of May for 30 days
Harvest:
beginning
of October for 30 days
Seed Start:
middle
of September
Indoor Start:
Transplant:
Uses & Benefits
Edible Rating:
(3/5)
edible uses: The fruits of Crataegus monogyna, known as haws, are edible and can be harvested in late autumn. They are often used to make jellies, jams, and wines due to their tart flavor. The young leaves and flower buds can be eaten raw in salads or cooked as a vegetable. Haws are rich in antioxidants and vitamin C, making them a nutritious addition to the diet. Traditional recipes include hawthorn berry syrup and hawthorn tea, which can be made by steeping the dried berries. The fruits can also be dried and stored for use throughout the year, providing a seasonal treat that is both delicious and healthful.
Medicinal Rating:
(2/5)
medicinal uses: Crataegus monogyna has a long history of use in traditional medicine, particularly for heart-related ailments. The plant contains active compounds such as flavonoids and oligomeric proanthocyanidins, which are believed to improve cardiovascular health by dilating blood vessels and enhancing blood flow. Hawthorn berries are commonly used to make teas and tinctures, often recommended for conditions like hypertension and angina. In folk medicine, hawthorn was used to alleviate anxiety and digestive issues. Modern research supports some of these uses, highlighting its potential as a natural remedy for heart health. However, dosage should be considered carefully, and it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before use.
health concerns: While Crataegus monogyna is generally considered safe, it can interact with certain medications, particularly those affecting the heart. People taking blood pressure or heart medications should consult a healthcare provider before using hawthorn. Allergic reactions are rare but possible, and symptoms of overconsumption may include dizziness or nausea. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using hawthorn without medical advice. In case of adverse reactions, discontinue use and seek medical attention.
other uses: Beyond its edible and medicinal applications, Crataegus monogyna has several non-food uses. Its dense wood is prized for making small tools and walking sticks due to its strength and durability. The plant's thorny branches make it an excellent choice for natural fencing and hedgerows, providing a barrier that is both functional and wildlife-friendly. In permaculture, hawthorn is used as a companion plant, offering habitat and food for beneficial insects. Its flowers can be used to produce natural dyes, and its presence in the landscape contributes to soil improvement and biodiversity. The plant's ability to withstand harsh conditions makes it a valuable component in erosion control and habitat restoration projects.
Scientific Literature
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Botanical data
specie: Crataegus monogyna
common names: Beli glog
family: Rosaceae
sub family:
tribe:
sub tribe:
genus: Crataegus
Growing Conditions
area needed: 6.0 m
spacing: 3.0 m
growing difficulty: Medium
Deciduous / Evergreen: Evergreen
Seed Temp (Opt/Min/Max): 20°C / 10°C / 30°C
Plant Temp (Opt/Min/Max): 18°C / -5°C / 35°C
water demands: Medium
humidity:
light demands: Medium
root type: Medium
frost tender: Low
hardness:
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(5/10)
first harvest: 4 years
life span: 400 years
succession: Mid
growth rate: Medium
max height: 12.0 m
max width: 8.0 m
soil preference:
pH preference:
flower type:
Self-Fertile
growth details: Crataegus monogyna thrives in well-drained soils and can tolerate a range of soil types, including clay and sandy soils. It prefers full sun to partial shade and is hardy in a variety of climates. Propagation is typically done through seeds, which require stratification to germinate. Cuttings can also be used, though they may take longer to establish. Regular watering is essential during the first year of growth, but once established, the plant is drought-tolerant. Pruning should be done in late winter to maintain shape and encourage healthy growth. In permaculture systems, hawthorn can be planted alongside nitrogen-fixing plants to enhance soil fertility. Organic mulching and composting are recommended to support its growth.
Potential Disturbances: Crataegus monogyna encounters pressures from aphids, caterpillars, and hawthorn leaf miners. Aphids produce sticky honeydew that attracts ants. Caterpillars may chew on leaves, leading to defoliation. Natural predators can assist in managing these issues.
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